Non-Oil GDP Share: 76.5% ▲ -8.5pp vs 2020 | GDP Growth: 1.6% ▲ +0.2pp vs 2023 | Fiscal Balance: +2.8% GDP ▲ 3rd surplus year | FDI Inflows: $12.5B ▼ -0.6% vs 2023 | Unemployment: 3.3% ▼ +0.1pp vs 2023 | Inflation: 0.6% ▲ -0.4pp vs 2023 | Green H₂ Pipeline: $30B+ ▲ 2 new deals 2025 | Gross Public Debt: ~35% GDP ▲ ↓ from 44% | CPI Rank: 50th ▲ +20 places | Global Innovation Index: 69th ▲ +10 vs 2022 | Digitalised Procedures: 2,680 ▲ of 2,869 target | Non-Oil GDP Share: 76.5% ▲ -8.5pp vs 2020 | GDP Growth: 1.6% ▲ +0.2pp vs 2023 | Fiscal Balance: +2.8% GDP ▲ 3rd surplus year | FDI Inflows: $12.5B ▼ -0.6% vs 2023 | Unemployment: 3.3% ▼ +0.1pp vs 2023 | Inflation: 0.6% ▲ -0.4pp vs 2023 | Green H₂ Pipeline: $30B+ ▲ 2 new deals 2025 | Gross Public Debt: ~35% GDP ▲ ↓ from 44% | CPI Rank: 50th ▲ +20 places | Global Innovation Index: 69th ▲ +10 vs 2022 | Digitalised Procedures: 2,680 ▲ of 2,869 target |

Geopolitical Risks

Long-term structural risks to Oman's development from global and regional forces.

Geopolitical Risks

Structural, long-duration risks that could fundamentally alter Oman’s development trajectory. These are not cyclical disruptions but deep forces operating on multi-decade timescales – the kind of risks that demand scenario planning rather than reactive policy adjustment.

Peak Oil Demand Risk models the fiscal and economic consequences of a secular decline in global hydrocarbon consumption, quantifying the timeline within which Oman’s diversification must deliver self-sustaining non-oil revenue. Climate Change in the Gulf assesses the physical risks – extreme heat, water stress, sea-level exposure – that threaten infrastructure, labour productivity, and habitability across the Arabian Peninsula. Regional Conflict Escalation examines scenarios in which broader Middle Eastern instability disrupts shipping lanes, deters investment, or forces reallocation of fiscal resources toward defence.

Each risk profile includes scenario analysis, estimated impact horizons, and an assessment of Oman’s current mitigation posture.